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The tractate Horayot, one of the shortest tractates in the Talmud, discusses the laws governing the various sacrifices brought by people who accidentally transgressed certain Torah prohibitions. The tractate begins with the laws of a High Court that issued an erroneous ruling permitting that which is really forbidden (hence the name Horayot, "rulings"). In such a circumstance, the High Court – and not the individuals who acted upon the erroneous judgment – brings a communal sacrifice.
The tractate then discusses the sacrifices brought by an individual transgressor. As specified in the Book of Leviticus, the species and gender of the animal offering depends on the nature of the sin as well as the position of the sinner: an averag
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